XIV

Roman numeral converter

Type a number to get it in Roman numerals, or type Roman numerals to get the number. It also tells you when a numeral is not written correctly, and converts dates. Free and instant, in your browser.

Number or Roman numeral

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In Roman numerals

MMXXVI

2,026 = 2,000 + 20 + 6 = MM + XX + VI

How it works

Type a number (1 to 3,999,999) or a Roman numeral in the same box. The converter detects which one it is.
Read the result with its breakdown, so you can see how it was built.
Copy it with one click. For dates, choose the order and separator in the Dates tab.

The seven Roman numeral symbols

Symbol	I	V	X	L	C	D	M
Value	1	5	10	50	100	500	1,000

How to read and write Roman numerals

Every Roman numeral is built from those seven symbols with four rules:

Add from left to right, largest first. VIII = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8. MDC = 1000 + 500 + 100 = 1,600.
A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted. IV = 5 − 1 = 4, XC = 100 − 10 = 90.
Subtraction is only used in six pairs: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400) and CM (900). So 99 is XCIX, not IC, and 49 is XLIX, not IL.
Repeat a symbol at most three times. I, X, C and M can appear up to three times in a row (III, XXX, CCC, MMM). V, L and D never repeat: 10 is X, not VV.

The easiest way to convert a big number is to do it one digit at a time. Take 1984: 1000 is M, 900 is CM, 80 is LXXX and 4 is IV, so 1984 is MCMLXXXIV. To read a numeral, go the other way: split it into those blocks and add them up.

Roman numerals chart 1 to 100

No.	Roman	No.	Roman	No.	Roman	No.	Roman
1	I	26	XXVI	51	LI	76	LXXVI
2	II	27	XXVII	52	LII	77	LXXVII
3	III	28	XXVIII	53	LIII	78	LXXVIII
4	IV	29	XXIX	54	LIV	79	LXXIX
5	V	30	XXX	55	LV	80	LXXX
6	VI	31	XXXI	56	LVI	81	LXXXI
7	VII	32	XXXII	57	LVII	82	LXXXII
8	VIII	33	XXXIII	58	LVIII	83	LXXXIII
9	IX	34	XXXIV	59	LIX	84	LXXXIV
10	X	35	XXXV	60	LX	85	LXXXV
11	XI	36	XXXVI	61	LXI	86	LXXXVI
12	XII	37	XXXVII	62	LXII	87	LXXXVII
13	XIII	38	XXXVIII	63	LXIII	88	LXXXVIII
14	XIV	39	XXXIX	64	LXIV	89	LXXXIX
15	XV	40	XL	65	LXV	90	XC
16	XVI	41	XLI	66	LXVI	91	XCI
17	XVII	42	XLII	67	LXVII	92	XCII
18	XVIII	43	XLIII	68	LXVIII	93	XCIII
19	XIX	44	XLIV	69	LXIX	94	XCIV
20	XX	45	XLV	70	LXX	95	XCV
21	XXI	46	XLVI	71	LXXI	96	XCVI
22	XXII	47	XLVII	72	LXXII	97	XCVII
23	XXIII	48	XLVIII	73	LXXIII	98	XCVIII
24	XXIV	49	XLIX	74	LXXIV	99	XCIX
25	XXV	50	L	75	LXXV	100	C

Hundreds and thousands

Number	Roman numeral	Number	Roman numeral
100	C	800	DCCC
200	CC	900	CM
300	CCC	1,000	M
400	CD	1,500	MD
500	D	2,000	MM
600	DC	3,000	MMM
700	DCC

Years in Roman numerals

Year	Roman numeral	Year	Roman numeral
1950	MCML	2020	MMXX
1980	MCMLXXX	2024	MMXXIV
1990	MCMXC	2025	MMXXV
1999	MCMXCIX	2026	MMXXVI
2000	MM	2027	MMXXVII
2010	MMX	2030	MMXXX

Years are the most common reason people look up Roman numerals: film credits, building cornerstones, book title pages and the Super Bowl all use them. For any other year, type it in the converter above.

Numbers above 3,999

With the standard symbols, the largest number you can write is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), because M cannot be repeated more than three times. For bigger numbers, a horizontal line over a numeral, called a vinculum, multiplies it by 1,000: V̅ is 5,000, X̅ is 10,000 and M̅ is 1,000,000. The converter uses this convention up to 3,999,999 and copies the line as a combining overline character, which most apps display correctly.

Common mistakes

IIII for 4. Fine on a clock face, where it is traditional, but the standard form is IV.
IC for 99 or IM for 999. I can only be subtracted from V and X. The correct forms are XCIX and CMXCIX.
MIM for 1999. It looks neat, but the standard form is MCMXCIX.
VV, LL or DD. These are never used: write X, C and M instead.

Type any of these into the converter and it will tell you the value and the standard way to write it. For a printable version of the chart and more examples, see our guide to Roman numerals from 1 to 1000.

Frequently asked questions

How do you convert a number to Roman numerals?

Split the number into thousands, hundreds, tens and units, write each part in Roman numerals and join them. For example, 1994 = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 = M + CM + XC + IV = MCMXCIV. The converter above does this automatically and shows the breakdown.

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?

2026 is MMXXVI: MM (2000) + XX (20) + VI (6). For reference, 2025 is MMXXV and 2027 is MMXXVII.

What are the rules for writing Roman numerals?

The seven symbols are I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1000). Symbols are added from left to right, largest first. A smaller symbol placed before a larger one is subtracted, but only in six cases: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400) and CM (900). I, X, C and M can be repeated up to three times in a row. V, L and D are never repeated.

Is there a zero in Roman numerals?

No. The Roman system has no symbol for zero and no negative numbers. Medieval scholars sometimes wrote N (from nulla, "nothing") for zero, but it was never part of the standard system.

Why do clocks show IIII instead of IV?

Many clock and watch faces use IIII for 4 by tradition. One common explanation is visual balance: IIII mirrors the heavier VIII on the opposite side of the dial. In standard modern notation, 4 is written IV.

What is the largest number you can write in Roman numerals?

With the seven standard symbols the largest number is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). For larger numbers, a line over a numeral (a vinculum) multiplies it by 1,000, so V̅ is 5,000 and X̅ is 10,000. With that convention, this converter goes up to 3,999,999.